In the twelfth century, the explorer Marco Polo wrote that Sri Lanka was the finest island in the whole world. For centuries it had been a tourism destination, particularly for European travelers. Recently, the Sri Lankan Civil War that spanned over 25 years and ended in 2009 has had a negative impact on tourism and the growth of the industry stagnated, however following this era a resurgence in Sri Lanka as a tourist destination has been evident. In 2012, post office worldwide holiday costs barometer named Sri Lanka as the best valued destination for holidays.
Value Proposition
The advantage of Sri Lanka as a tourism destination is threefold. Firstly it is an authentic tourism destination. Secondly it is a compact island of 65,610 sqkm where a tourist can travel the length and breadth of the country within a few days, thirdly the diversity of the tourism product is unparalleled.
However due to a number of policies of the Sri Lankan Government, international tourists that are not dual citizens of Sri Lanka or hold a Sri Lankan National Identity card are penalized when travelling to Sri Lanka - this includes but is not limited to artificially inflated prices for accommodation and tourist attractions that are in some cases an order of magnitude more expensive for tourists, indeed some attractions are free if proof of nationality is provided.
For the simplicity of communicating the diversity of Sri Lanka in 2010 the tourism authorities started positioning the country around 8 different products namely; beaches, heritage, wildlife, scenic beauty, mind and body wellness, festivals, sports and adventure and Essence. The Essence of Sri Lanka include what is unique to the country such as its people, art and culture, spices, tea, gems, handy crafts etc
With nearly 1600 km of of palm fringed Coastline baked to perfection surrounding the country Sri Lanka is the ideal destination for beach bums worldwide. May it be windsurfing, kayaking, yachting, water skiing, scuba diving or jut lazing around for the perfect tan, Sri Lanka offers it all
West Coast
- Negombo (35 km north of Colombo)
- Mount Lavinia (12 km south of Colombo)
- Kalutara (42 km south of Colombo)
South Coast
- Beach in Yala National Park
- Bentota (62 km south of Colombo)
- Ambalangoda (Approx 85 km south of Colombo)
- Hikkaduwa (98 km south of Colombo)
- Roomassala (119 km south of Colombo)
- Unawatuna (120 km south-east of Colombo)
- Weligama (143 km south-east of Colombo)
- Mirissa (151 km South east from Colombo)
- Matara (160 km south of Colombo)
- Tangalle (195 km south-east of Colombo)
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East Coast
- Arugam Bay (315 km east of Colombo)
- Pasikudah ( Batticaloa)
- Nilaveli & Uppuveli (280 km north-east of Colombo)
- Trincomalee (257 km north-east of Colombo)
With a recorded history of more than 2500 years Sri Lanka has a rich heritage. There are 8 world heritage sites within the country which include; The hill capital Kandy, The sacred city of Anuradhapura, The Dutch fort of Galle, The ancient city of Polonnaruva, The rock fortress of Sigiriya, The golden rock temple of Dambulla, The beautiful Horton plains and The Singharaja rain forest. Apart from these famous sites there are hundreds of heritage sites in the island which are frequented by tourists.
For a small island the biodiversity of the country is most impressive. Sri Lanka is home for a wide variety of mammals, birds, fish, butterflies and snakes. The big five Sri Lankan wildlife are the elephant, the leopard, the sloth bear, the blue whale and the sperm whale
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Some of the wildlife parks in Sri Lanka are:
- Tourism in Yala National Park
- Yala National Park - Most visited, and second-largest in Sri Lanka
- Udawalawe National Park - Famous for Elephant watching
- Kumana National Park - Famous for Bird watching
- Bundala National Park - Famous for Bird watching
- Wasgamuwa National Park - One most attractive national park
- Wilpattu National Park - Largest in Sri Lanka, famous for leopards
- Minneriya National Park - Famous for Elephants
- Horton Plains National Park - Only national park in hill country and famous for sambar
- Mullaitive National Park[2] - Proposed for Elephant watching
- Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage
- Udawalawe Elephant Transit Centre
Due to varying climate conditions and geography Sri Lanka is an ideal destination for sports tourism. Some of the popular sports include Golf, Surfing, Diving & Snorkeling, Hot Air Ballooning, Rafting and Canoeing, Scuba Diving, Fishing, Cycling, Hiking, Trekking and Rock Climbing.
Locations popular for specific sports are:
- White water rafting - Kitulgala
- Surfing - Arugam Bay
- Boating - Bentota, Bolgoda, Madhu ganga, Koggala
- Trekking - Knuckles Mountain Range, Hortan plains, Sripada aka Adam's peak
Sri Lanka is famous for traditional Ayurveda hospitals and spas, yoga training and a large number of meditation centers.
Sri Lanka had continued to inspire and heal many who travelled to its shores ever since its existence was known to the world. Many who set foot on the island had considered it a part of a divine existence, Sri Lanka still continues to wrap its charm around its visitors, capturing their imagination with sights, sounds and flavors. Sri Lankan cuisines are a hidden treat to many while Ayurveda and meditation continues to heal the bodies and minds worn out with the cares of life.
Sri Lanka is filled with romantic landscapes, governed by rising mountains, lush forests, ocean like tanks and gushing waterfalls, that it was considered the lost paradise by many a globe trotters, who fell upon the country. The golden beaches of the country had been praised for their picture postcard views since eternity. The dusk and dawn and many human activities connected to these times of the day creates a vibrant picture along the coasts of Sri Lanka.
Waterfall of Sri Lanka are:
- Bambarakanda Falls
- Dunhinda Falls
- Ramboda Falls
- Devon Falls
- St. Clair's Falls
- Laxapana Falls
- Baker's Falls
- Ravana Falls
- Diyaluma Falls
- Hakgala Botanical Garden
- Peradeniya Botanical Garden
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For a country where people practice four main religions Sri Lanka has always maintained religious harmony among communities. With Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism and Christianity playing imports roles of lives of people Sri Lanka has religious or cultural festivals throughout the year.
Famous festivals of Sri Lanka
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- Duruthu Perahera
- Thai Pongal
- Aluth Sahal Mangallaya
- Milad un-Nabi
- Independence Day Celebrations
- Navam Perahera
- Maha Shivratri
- Sinhala and Tamil New Year Celebrations
- Easter Celebrations
- Galle Literary Festival
- Vesak Festival
- Poson Festival
- Esala Perehara
- Katharagama Festival
- Vel Festival
- Hikkaduwa Beach Festival
- Ramadan festival
- Colombo Art Biennale
- Lanka Design Festival
- Christmas
- Electric Peacock Festival
Essence
The precious stones such as rubies and sapphires frequently found in Ratnapura and 90% of the rocks of the island are of Precambrian age, 560 million to 2,400 million years ago. The gems form in sedimentary residual gem deposits, eluvial deposits, metamorphic deposits, skarnand calcium-rich rocks. Other gems are of magmatic origin.
Some of the most notable precious stones are :
- Blue Sapphires,
- Star Sapphires,
- Rubies,
- Pink Sapphires,
- Orange Sapphires,
- Padparadschas,
- Cats Eye,
- Alexandrite,
- Chrysoberyls,
- Garnets,
- Spinets,
- Moonstones,
- Aquamarines,
- Topazes.
Spices
- Cinnamon (kurundu),
- Cloves (karabunati),
- Cardamom (karadamungu),
- Black pepper (gammiris),
- Gambog (goraka),
- Turmeric (kaha),
- Curry leaf (karapincha),
- Mustard (abba),
- Coriander (kottamalli),
- Lemon grass (sera),
- Nutmeg (sadikka),
- Cumin (suduru),
- Sweet cumin (maduru),
- Fenugreek (Uluhal),
- Dill seeds (Asamodagam),
- Red dry chillies (viyalimiris),
- Mace (wasawasi).
There are three main traditional dance forms in Sri Lanka:
- Kandyan Dancing,
- Low Country Dancing,
- Sabaragamuwa Dancing
Though not unique to Sri Lanka 'Bharatanatyam' which originated from India is also popular in Sri Lanka particularly among the Tamil community.
Tea
Handicrafts
- Wood carving
- Silver wear
- Brass castings
- Ceramic ware
- Bamboo products
- Pottery
- Batiks
- Lace works
- Cane works
- Costume jewelry
- Lacquer ware
- Wooden masks
- Coir goods
- Hand looms
- Ivory products
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The main ethnic groups are:
- Sinhalese, 75%
- Sri Lanka Moor, Muslim, 9%
- Sri Lankan Tamil, 11%
- Indian Tamil, 4%
- Burghers
- Others 1%
Sri Lankan people are generally known for their hospitality. Most tourists admire the genuine smile of the people according to airport exit surveys.
Colombo
· Shangri-La Colombo: The Hong Kong-based company recently broke ground for a 661-room tower near the storied seafront Galle Face Green in the capital. Expected to open 2015.
· The sights and scenes in Galle, an ancient town in Sri Lanka that was granted Unesco World Heritage status in the late '80s.
· Sheraton Hotels and Resorts Colombo: Starwood Hotels will make its debut with this 306-room hotel opposite Galle Face Green. Slated to open October 2013.
· Mövenpick Hotels & Resorts Colombo: The Swiss company’s entrée will be a 180-room downtown hotel. Target opening date is the middle of 2013.
· Jetwing Colombo: Local hotel group Jetwing’s project will have 70 rooms and 28 serviced apartments. Opening April 2014.
Some of the major hotel development projects currently underway in Sri Lanka are listed below.
The South
· Shangri-La Hambantota: A 145-acre resort with 315 rooms in southern Hambantota district, with an 18-hole golf course, dive center, and CHI Spa. Scheduled to open in 2014.
· Avani Kalutara: The second property under the new mid-market brand by Minor Hotel Group and local partner Serendib Leisure will be opened later this year. Located an hour south of Colombo, it will have 105 rooms.
· Anantara Kalutara: A 138-room upscale resort with a spa, opening late 2013.
· Soneva Ahungalla: Bangkok-based Six Senses’ founder Sonu Shivdasani is partnering with Sri Lanka’s Aitken Spence Hotels to create an exclusive 71-villa project, occupying 10½ acres of beachfront land and the 26-acre Meeraladuwa Island, just south of Bentota. Slated for early 2014.
· Jetwing Yala Safari, Yala: The original luxury game lodge at one of the country’s best-known parks was destroyed in the 2004 tsunami. The new development will have 70 rooms and 28 villas and is expected to open in April 2013.
Social and environmental impacts of tourism
Tourism in Sri Lanka, despite its benefits for the local economy (it is one of the main foreign income sources of the country), is undergoing several critics. Thus, some studies indicate that a quick modern tourism development would not cater to the specific needs of the local people. Also, the high biodiversity of Sri Lanka seems to be threatened by the development of mass tourism which has already affected several natural reserves. Some endangered animal species seem to be seriously threatened by the rise of tourism in some areas: that is the case of the Keerthisinghe’s Rock Frog, which is endemic in Sri Lanka.
An alternative kind of tourism - called Ecotourism, sustainable tourism or responsible tourism - enables travelers to do tourism throughout Sri Lanka while contributing on the well-being of the local communities and making sure the environmental impact is limited. The Sri Lanka Ecotourism Foundation is the national organization that created an official ecotourism network through the island, allowing to develop sustainable tourism with wide options of travel. In 2010, the foundation won the presidential awards for "Outstanding Contribution for Tourism in Sri Lanka".
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